EMBO 2014 Linux Commands Reference
File Commands
ls | directory listing |
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ls -al | formatted listing with hidden files |
cd dir | change directory to dir |
cd | change to home |
pwd | show current directory |
mkdir dir | create a directory dir |
rm file | delete file |
rm -r dir | delete directory dir |
rm -f file | force remove file |
rm -rf dir | force remove directory dir (!) |
cp file1 file2 | copy file1 to file2 |
cp -r dir1 dir2 | copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist |
mv file1 file2 | rename or move file1 to file2; if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2 |
ln -s file link | create symbolic link link to file |
touch file | create or update file |
cat > file | places standard input into file |
more file | output the contents of file |
head file | output the first 10 lines of file |
tail file | output the last 10 lines of file |
tail -f file | output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines |
Process Management
ps | display your currently active processes |
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top | display all running processes |
kill pid | kill process id pid |
killall proc | kill all processes named proc (!) |
bg | lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the background |
fg | brings the most recent job to foreground |
fg n | brings job n to the foreground |
File Permissions
chmod |
change the permissions of file to [ugoa...][[+-=][perms...]...] , where perms is either zero or more letters from the set rwxXst , or a single letter from the set ugo . ,see man chmod for further details |
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chmod a+rwx file | change the permissions of file to rwx for everyone |
chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx file | change the permissions of file to rwx for owner, and rx for group and world |
Working Remotely
ssh user@host | securely connect to remote host host as user user |
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scp user@host:/home/user/file . | securely copy file /home/user/file on remote host host (as user user) to the current directory |
scp file user@host:/home/user/ | securely copy (as user user) the file file in the current directory to the directory /home/user/ on the remote host host |
LSF Job Submission and Monitoring
bjobs | view status of all jobs currently submitted by user |
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bjobs -q name | view status of all jobs currently submitted by user to queue name |
bjobs -r | view status of all running jobs submitted by user |
bqueues | view status of of all queues in the batch system |
bsub -q qname command | submit the command to queue qname (command may contain flags, options and arguments) |
bsub -q qname -J my_name command | submit the command to queue qname given the name my_name |
bsub -q qname -o file command | submit the command to queue qname, LSF will write all command line output (stderr and stdout) to file |
bsub < file | submit a job by reading the contents of file |
bkill jobid | kill the job with ID jobid by the current user |
bkill 0 | kill all jobs submitted by the current user |
bpeek pid | monitor job pid state |
bpeek -f pid | real time monitor job pid state |